May 25, · Those who enter the criminal justice field quickly learn that understanding criminology theories for why people turn to crime is key to reducing crime rates and making society safer. After three decades of research, three major psychological theories of time have emerged: psychodynamic theory, behavioral theory and cognitive theory Psychoanalytic criticism builds on Freudian theories of psychology. While we don't have the room here to discuss all of Freud's work, a general overview is necessary to explain psychoanalytic literary criticism. The Unconscious, the Desires, and the Defenses Aug 27, · Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Word Scramble Activity. For this activity, study the scrambled letters and try to unscramble or rearrange the letters to form a word or phrase that fits the given clues
Psychoanalysis - Wikipedia
Sigmund Freud 6 May — 23 September is considered to be the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychologywhich looks to unconscious drives to explain human behavior, psychoanalytic theory essay. Freud believed that the mind is responsible for both conscious and unconscious decisions that it makes on the basis of psychological drives. The id, ego, and super-ego are three aspects of the mind Freud believed to comprise a person's personality.
Freud believed people are "simply actors in the drama of [their] own minds, pushed by desire, pulled by coincidence, psychoanalytic theory essay. Underneath the surface, our personalities represent the power struggle going on deep within us". Freud did not believe in the existence of a supernatural force that has pre-programmed us to behave in a certain way. His idea of the id explains why people act out in certain ways when it is not in line with the ego or superego.
Freud argued that humanity created God in their image. This reverses the idea of any type of religion because he believed that it is constructed by the mind. The role of the mind is something that Freud repeatedly talked about because he believed that the mind is responsible for both conscious and unconscious decisions based on drives and forces. Psychoanalytic theory essay idea that religion causes people to behave in a moral way is incorrect according to Freud because he believed that no other force has the power to control the ways in which people act.
Unconscious desires motivate people to act accordingly. Freud did a significant amount of research studying how people act and interact in a group setting. He psychoanalytic theory essay that people act in different ways according to the demands and constraints of the group as a whole. In his book Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Egopsychoanalytic theory essay, Freud argued that the church and organized religion form an "artificial group" which requires an external force to keep it together.
In this type of group, everything is dependent on that external force and without it, the group would no psychoanalytic theory essay exist. Groups are necessary, according to Freud in order to decrease the narcissism in all people, by creating libidinal ties with others by placing everyone at an equal level. The commonness among different people with different egos allows people to identify with one another. This relates to the idea of religion because Freud believed that people created religion in order to create these group ties that they unconsciously seek for.
The Oedipus complex is when a boy is jealous of his father. The boy strives to possess his mother and ultimately replace his father as a means of no longer having to fight for her undivided attention and affection. While the Oedipus complex presents itself in males, females experience a different form of incestuous rivalry known as the Electra complex. Girls become jealous of their mothers and begin to feel desire towards their fathers.
Females also experience penis envy which is the parallel reaction to the male experience of castration anxiety. Girls then repress this feeling and instead long for a child of their own, psychoanalytic theory essay. This suppression leads to the girl identifying with her mother and acquiring feminine traits. Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud.
Psychoanalytic theory essay believed that people could be psychoanalytic theory essay by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining "insight". The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is psychoanalytic theory essay release repressed emotions and experiences, i.
make the unconscious conscious. Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. It is only by having a cathartic i. healing experience can a person be helped and "cured". The id according to Freud is the part of the unconscious that seeks pleasure. It is the impulsive, psychoanalytic theory essay, unconscious part in the mind that is based on the desire to seek immediate satisfaction.
The id does not have a grasp on any form of reality or consequence. Freud understood that some people are controlled by the id because it makes people engage in need-satisfying behavior without any accordance with what is right or wrong. Freud compared the id and the ego to a horse and a rider. The id is compared to the horse, which is directed and controlled, by the ego or the rider.
This example goes to show that although the id is supposed to be controlled by the ego, they often interact with one another according to the drives of the ego. In order for people to maintain a realistic sense here on earth, the ego is responsible for creating a balance between pleasure and pain. It is impossible for all desires of the id to be met and the ego realizes this but continues to seek pleasure and satisfaction.
Although the psychoanalytic theory essay does not know the difference between right and wrong, psychoanalytic theory essay, it is aware that not all drives can be met at a given time. The ego takes into account ethical and psychoanalytic theory essay ideals in order to balance out the desires originating in the id. Although both the id and the ego are unconscious, the ego has close contact with the perceptual system, psychoanalytic theory essay.
The ego has the function of self-preservation, which is why it has the ability to control the instinctual demands from the id. The ego is ultimately derived from bodily sensations, chiefly from those springing from the psychoanalytic theory essay of the body. It may thus be regarded as a mental projection of the surface of the body, representing the superficies of the mental apparatus. The superego, which develops around age four or five, incorporates the morals of society.
Freud believed that the superego is what allows the mind to control its impulses that are looked down upon morally. The superego can be considered to be the conscience of the mind because it has the ability to distinguish between reality as well as what is right or wrong. Without the superego, Freud believed people would act out with aggression and other immoral behaviors because the mind would have no way of understanding the difference between right and wrong.
Freud separates the superego into two separate categories; the ideal self and the conscience. The conscience contains ideals and morals that exist within a society that prevent people from acting out based on their internal desires. The ideal self contains images of how people ought to behave according to society's ideals.
Freud believed that the answers to what controlled daily actions resided in the unconscious mind despite alternative views that all our behaviors were conscious. He felt that religion is an illusion based on human values that are created by the mind to overcome inner psychological conflict. The unconscious mind positions itself in every aspect of life whether one is dormant or awake.
This explanation gives significance to verbal slips and dreams. They are caused by hidden reasons in the mind displayed in concealed forms.
Verbal slips of the unconscious mind are referred to as a Freudian slip. This is a term to explain a spoken mistake derived from the unconscious mind. Traumatizing information on thoughts and beliefs is blocked from the conscious mind. Slips expose our true thoughts stored in the unconscious, psychoanalytic theory essay.
Instincts act by giving vitality and enthusiasm to the mind through meaning and purpose. The ranges of instincts are in great numbers. Freud expressed them in two categories, psychoanalytic theory essay. One is Eros the self-preserving life instinct containing all erotic pleasures. While Eros is used for basic survival, the living instinct alone cannot explain all behavior according to Freud. It is full of self-destruction of sexual energy and our unconscious desire to psychoanalytic theory essay. Since birth, the existence of sexual drives can be recognized as one of the most important incentives of life.
Freud's theory of psychosexual development is represented amongst five stages. According to Freud, each stage occurs within a specific time frame of one's life. If one becomes fixated in any of the four stages, he or she will develop personality traits that coincide with the specific stage and its focus.
Freud proposed a set of defense mechanisms in one's body. These set of defense mechanisms occur so one can hold a favorable or preferred view of themselves. For example, in a particular situation when an event occurs that violates one's preferred view of themselves, psychoanalytic theory essay, Freud stated that it is necessary for the self to have some mechanism to defend itself against this unfavorable event; this is known as defense mechanisms.
Freud's work on defense mechanisms focused on how the ego defends itself psychoanalytic theory essay internal events or impulses, which are regarded as unacceptable to one's ego. These defense mechanisms are used to handle the conflict between the id, psychoanalytic theory essay, the ego, and the superego. Freud noted that a major drive for people is the reduction of tension and the major cause of tension was anxiety. Reality anxiety is the most basic form of anxiety and is based on the ego.
It is typically based on the fear of real and possible events, for example, being bit by a dog or falling off of a psychoanalytic theory essay. Neurotic anxiety comes from an unconscious fear that the basic impulses of the id will take control of the person, leading to eventual punishment from expressing the id's desires.
Moral anxiety comes from the superego. It appears in the form of a fear of violating values or moral codes and appears as feelings like guilt or shame, psychoanalytic theory essay. When anxiety occurs, the mind's first response is to seek rational ways of escaping the situation by increasing problem-solving efforts and a range of defense mechanisms may be triggered. These are ways that the ego develops to help deal psychoanalytic theory essay the id and the superego.
Defense mechanisms often appear unconsciously and tend to distort or falsify reality. When the distortion of reality occurs, there is a change in perception which allows for a lessening in anxiety resulting in a reduction of tension one experiences.
Sigmund Freud noted a number of ego defenses that were noted throughout his work but his daughter, Anna Freud, developed and elaborated on them. These defenses are not under our conscious control and our unconscious will use one or more to protect one's self from stressful situations, psychoanalytic theory essay. They are natural and normal and without these, neurosis develops such as anxiety states, phobias, obsessions, or hysteria.
Freud desired to understand religion and spirituality and deals with the nature of religious beliefs in many of his books and essays. He regarded God as psychoanalytic theory essay illusion, based on the infantile need for a powerful father figure, psychoanalytic theory essay. Freud believed that religion was an expression of underlying psychological neuroses and distress.
In some of his writing, he suggested that religion is an attempt to control the Oedipal complex, as he goes on to discuss in his book Totem and Taboo. InFreud published the book, psychoanalytic theory essay, Totem and Psychoanalytic theory essay. This book was an attempt to reconstruct the birth and the process of development of religion as a social institution.
He wanted to demonstrate how the study of psychoanalysis is important in the understanding of the growth of civilization, psychoanalytic theory essay.
What is Psychological Criticism?
, time: 3:56Criminology Theories | Three Psychological Concepts of Criminal Behavior
May 25, · Those who enter the criminal justice field quickly learn that understanding criminology theories for why people turn to crime is key to reducing crime rates and making society safer. After three decades of research, three major psychological theories of time have emerged: psychodynamic theory, behavioral theory and cognitive theory Psychoanalytic theory His first essay in this series is called "The Sexual Aberrations." This essay focuses on the distinction between a sexual object and a sexual aim. A sexual object is an object that one desires while the sexual aim is the acts that one desires to perform with the object J.D. Safran, E. Gardner-Schuster, in Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second Edition), Making the unconscious conscious. Psychoanalytic theory postulates a multitude of different change mechanisms, and a host of new ways of conceptualizing the change process continue to emerge as psychoanalytic theories themselves evolve and proliferate. At the most basic
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