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Anthropology: American Shell Mounds Research Paper Example | GraduateWay
Native American shell mounds are one of the most historically rich sites still around today. The San Francisco Bay Area is one of the last places with this history available. The West Berkeley Shellmound, trinomial designation CA-ALA, is an example of one of these rare sites. This anthro 2ac research paper mound is located at Second Street and Hearst Avenue in Berkeley, California, and is one of the last shell mounds to line the shore of the San Francisco Bay.
Due to the large removal of the shell mound throughout the years, for the building of paved streets, anthro 2ac research paper, railroad tracks, and two factories, it is near impossible to estimate the exact size of the shell mound itself. Inlarge-scale excavation of the mound began. Although a lot of the mound was no longer present because of its location in between two buildings, the excavation was still successful due to a fair amount of sampling that was recovered from the remnants of the mound and preserved.
This shell mound was separated into two distinct areas, anthro 2ac research paper, the North end, and the South end. Totaled, these two areas represented a combined area of about 1, square feet.
The main excavation site was located at the South end trench and was dug down to a depth ranging from nine to eighteen feet, depending on the thickness and deposit in the strata. The North end trench held a ten-foot square pit that was cut through a layer of limestone. This cut was incredibly necessary in order to reach the sterile soil layer underneath the midden.
This midden was, in total, 14, cubic feet and was tediously measured in twelve-inch increments. Many different artifacts were found at the site; about 3. Many of the artifacts recovered, such as stone tools, textiles, net sinkers, and shells proved that there were previous inhabitants in the area. With these, other artifacts were found, including the following: broken pieces of china, glass bottles, nails, and various other evidence of white occupation in the area.
In addition to the aforementioned artifacts, skeletal remains were discovered in the midden; although, the skeletal remains were of poor quality. At the site, an estimated 95, more or less, complete skeletons were found. Unfortunately, a lot of the bones found were in bad condition and extremely decayed. This would usually be contrary to the usual belief that shell mounds are good for preservation. But due to the partial removal of the shell mound, the bones lying in the shallow graves were likely affected by human activity on the surface.
Along with the human remains, animal remains were also found. These included deer bones, birds, and even whales were present in the mounds. The majority of the animal bones found were made into tools such as fishhooks and daggers, anthro 2ac research paper. Along with these objects, a lot of projectile pointless were found in the midden, anthro 2ac research paper. The material was moved with shovels in twelve-inch layers until the stratum was reached.
After that, they dug an extra foot to be sure nothing was overlooked. Now, with these data and profiles, the excavators were able to analyze the different anthro 2ac research paper of soil, anthro 2ac research paper. Sifting through each layer of soil, shell, charcoal, artifacts, and human and animal bones were found compacted in each layer. These findings were found under the top of the mound down to twelve feet below the surface. This method of excavation is probably the most efficient and intelligent plan; using another excavation plan would have been very difficult due to the already damaged site.
One other option would be to scrape the topsoil, but doing so would not yield as much information. Due to the anthro 2ac research paper of the site done by buildings, roads, and railroads, it was necessary to dig deep to find sufficient information.
Because of this methodology, anthro 2ac research paper, I would classify the archaeological investigation as cultural history.
Very little fieldwork was able to be done due to the destruction that had already taken place at the mound. Much of the data collected was compared to previous excavations of shell mounds that were similar to this one. Furthermore, there is no written record anthro 2ac research paper to account for who occupied the area. The research done at the West Berkley Shellmound acted as a missing link in the Bay Area shell mounds.
Archaeologists were able to relate the information about other shell mounds in the area to the West Berkeley Shellmound that could have linked past inhabitants to being a part of the same tribe, anthro 2ac research paper. There were very minimal changes in the tribes over time. The introduction of new forms of shell beads seemed trivial. The only critical change was the abandonment of the use of net-sinkers, which corresponds to an end of a certain fishing technique.
The West Berkeley Shellmound culture represents a small mode of existence, preoccupied with gathering and showing few outstanding technical achievements. The West Berkeley Shellmounds have proved to be of little significance to understanding the past of the San Francisco Bay Area.
It did, anthro 2ac research paper, however, help researchers determine how long man has been in the Bay Area.
The radiocarbon testing that was done showed that the presence of man can be traced back to anthro 2ac research paper 2, years. I believe the possibility of public outreach and education is small due to the lack of information from a mostly destroyed site, anthro 2ac research paper. If the site was preserved properly and if there was more investigation, we would have a better understanding of who inhabited the area and would be able to draw people in who are interested in a site like this.
However, despite this, I do believe that public education is possible. One way that would increase public awareness is by making one of the adjacent factories a sort of museum or information center. It could teach the history of the area and be a fun experience at the same time. Another option for public awareness is to anthro 2ac research paper the site as a teaching tool.
Since it is all but destroyed, the public could come and learn the fundamentals of archaeology in a hands-on experience. This essay was written by a fellow student. You may use it as a guide or sample for writing your own paper, but remember to cite it correctly. Anthropology: American Shell Mounds Research Paper, anthro 2ac research paper. Accessed October 6, anthro 2ac research paper, In anthro 2ac research paper you can't find a relevant example, our professional writers are ready to help you write a unique paper.
Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best match. Home Science Anthropology Anthropology: American Shell Mounds Research Paper. Academic anxiety? Get original paper in 3 hours and nail the task. Get your paper price experts online.
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, time: 7:39Anthro 2AC is an introduction to the methods, goals, and theoretical concepts of Three exams required (two midterms and a final exam) and a short research paper ( pages, typed, double space). The format of the final and midterm exams is a combination of multiple choice, identification, and essay questions. Participation in weekly The Excellent List Of Anthropology Research Paper Topics. Without further ado, here are anthropology research paper topics for free! With 18 topics each from the six main subcategories of anthropology, you can’t get it wrong! Physical Anthropology Research Paper Topics. Eugenics — its merits and demerits in the 21st-century world Anthropology 2ac Research Paper, corporate legal secretary resume sample, strong analytical skills on resume, sample canadian resume student
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